In Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v HealthEngine Pty Ltd [2020] FCA 1203 the Federal Court of Australia ordered that HealthEngine pay to the Commonwealth of Australia a total pecuniary penalty of $2,900,000, in respect of HealthEngine’s contraventions of sections 29 and 34 of the Australian Consumer Law relating to failing to disclose its health insurance referral arrangements which included disclosing patients’ personal information to brokers, as well as false or misleading representations on its website about its reviews and conduct that was liable to mislead the public.

The penalty was calculated as follows:

• $1.4 million in respect of the contraventions arising from its referrals to brokers;
• $1.2 million in respect of the contraventions arising from representations that its reviews were genuine;
• $300,000 in respect of the contraventions arising from representations that patient feedback was not edited.

Facts
HealthEngine operates Australia’s largest online health marketplace. It hosts an online directory listing over 70,000 health practices and practitioners across Australia, and facilitating bookings by consumers (patients) for services provided by those health practices. HealthEngine also published reviews and ratings to enable patients to identify health practices.

Reviews
HealthEngine admitted that it published feedback received from patients on HealthEngine’s website at www.healthengine.com.au or mobile phone app but HealthEngine did not publish negative patient reviews, and edited patient feedback or embellished it so that they appeared more positive before it was published.

HealthEngine failed to disclose to consumers on its platforms that it engaged in that practice, and represented that the Patient Reviews published on the Platforms in connection with health practices and practitioners across Australia were an accurate reflection of the Patient Reviews HealthEngine received from Patients about the Health Practices.

Referrals
HealthEngine had arrangements with nine different private health Insurance Brokers for which it received fees for referring patients to them. HealthEngine provided the Insurance Brokers with Patients’ non-clinical personal information.

HealthEngine collected this non-clinical personal information each time a Patient booked an appointment with a Health Practice using the Platforms or a HealthEngine widget. As part of the online booking process, HealthEngine asked Patients whether they had private health insurance. Patients were also asked whether they wished to receive a call about health insurance comparison services or to assess the Patient’s private health insurance needs.

It was not necessary for Patients to answer these questions but if a Patient answered “yes” to receiving a call, and then booked an appointment with a Health Practice, HealthEngine provided the Patient’s non-clinical personal information to an Insurance Broker.

HealthEngine used language which did not make it adequately clear that a third party (rather than HealthEngine) would provide the relevant services to Patients. Further, HealthEngine did not make it adequately clear that, if the Patient answered “yes”, the Patient’s non-clinical personal information would be sent to one of the Insurance Brokers.

In the relevant four year period, HealthEngine’s total revenue from referral fees for 135,000 patients was over $1.8 million.

Personal Information was provided to an Insurance Broker may have included some or all of the following: the Patient’s name, phone number, email address, date or year of birth, appointment time, type of health care practice the Patient had made a booking with (e.g. GP, chiropractic or dentistry), and/or whether or not the patient had private health insurance (and if so, the provider).

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